If you are a professional scientist interested in astrobiology
(exobiology), searching for life in the Universe, your mantra is “follow
the water.” If you want to find life, to find liquid water first. But
liquid water is not all be-all-and-end-all when it comes to finding LGM
– Little Green germs. Water, based on its own earthly life of Planet
Earth as the only statistical sample we have is certainly critical, but
so are many other things as we shall see shortly.
Astronomy books written about or for the 1970 does not have great confession of Jupiter system as an interesting place to look for extraterrestrial life. The Jupiter planets and moons were clearly outside the habitable zone Goldilocks and the Solar System, Planet Earth, which was square in the middle. My how times change, because, after the robotic exploration of our outer solar system, this view has partly been thrown out the window, at least compared to Jupiter’s three pieces of property – the moons Europa and the Titan and Enceladus (in orbit around Jupiter and Saturn, respectively). Titan is actually really interesting only from a pre-biotic perspective. While rich in organic molecules / compounds are very careful about how truly cold active chemistry and biochemistry to take place. Titan has frozen before life could really grab hold. It lacks a sustainable energy supply, one of the key elements needed for this life-as-we-know.
Alas, the parents’ bodies, including gas giants further out (Uranus and Neptune) are still missing as residential homes for ET. The logic escapes me, as we shall see shortly, the idea that Jupiter planets could harbor life theory is as complicated as jellyfish or other semi-aquatic life, is still up to those of Jupiter dolphins and whales can ” It should not be excluded. While Jupiter extraterrestrial intelligence (ETI) may be possible by the ETI technology can pretty much be ruled out, and for the same reason as to why dolphins and whales on Earth is a kind of technology – can not be build things in the environment in which they adapt.
So, what is needed for the construction of our ET? Well, the minimum requirements are: 1) adequate life-as-we-know that chemicals (Cohn – carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen – and of course the water or water vapor); 2) a good comfortable environment for life-as we–know-it (the right temperature for liquid water or water vapor); 3) mixing which brings the various inorganic and organic chemicals required in the vicinity; and 4) a power source (a) directs things together, such as solar energy for many terrestrial organisms on Earth.
Mars, although not part of the Jupiter system, has been linked to the existence of extraterrestrial life for the last century and then some. This connection remains to this very day. Mars is still the poster boy-and remains the main target in the hunt for ET – although the association has deteriorated by Martian ray-guns (as in “The War of the Worlds”) to Martians, as the germs – if the microbial ET is as important as the discovery of Mars shows a ray-gun at you. The principle is the same; Otherwise it’s just a matter relating biological complexity.
Europa (moon of Jupiter): Science fiction writers can sometimes really hit the proverbial nail on the proverbial head. Take Arthur C. Clarke entitled “2010: Odyssey Two” (1982) and “2061: .. Three Odyssey (1988) Clarke had foreigners interested in the primitive forms of life beneath the ice of Europa is converted by a star to begin development. Fifty years later, the Europa has become a tropical world of the ocean from which people have been banned. Well, aliens, transforming Jupiter and tropical ocean are flights of fantasy, but the primitive life under the ice of Europe could be something else again.
In fact Clarke learned from the two flybys space probe Voyager in 1979. The data and images captured strongly suggested to scientists that Europe should have salty ocean, perhaps one hundred kilometers deep, but an ocean beneath a vast ice sheet, perhaps up to ten kilometers thick. The power source was the tidal friction, the endless to-and-fro through gravity pulls on the Moon and Jupiter moons Europa mate sister. The downturn is heated within Europe, and escaped the heat up, melt the ice cover. The freezing temperature of space (Europa has no atmosphere to speak) freezes the surface that insulates the ocean then heated under further engagement.
So you have water, a source of energy, mixing, and since water is in liquid form, you have obviously a suitable habitat for life-as-we-know-it, and kind. We will not be any photosynthesis, not so far away from sunlight and will not be very effective in all cases after penetrating kilometers of ice. Translated, the oceans will be pitch black. The analogy with terrestrial biology is life in sea hydrothermal vent communities us – life is guided by the Earth’s internal heat and ventilation of various chemicals beneath the ocean floor, and chimeiosynthesi instead of photosynthesis. Internal composition of Europa reflects the terrestrial planets – silicates and iron and stuff. What is less certain is whether there are abundant sources of carbon and nitrogen.
One very interesting feature that can be seen on the surface of Europa are many streaks of pink-red lines and markings. The source is probably upwelling water below the ice surface rotates and cracks, like the kind of ice in polar oceans. There are many organic contaminants, with pink-red color, although organic chemistry does not necessarily mean biochemistry. Still, maybe life examples of Europa (presumably microbial) are frozen fossils on the surface. This pink-red things will be input to the sample, but when he lands a probe to Europa. In conclusion, however, C and D in CHON is the big question mark IMHO.
Enceladus (moon of Saturn): Europa has competition in the local solar system, “where the aliens? Extraterrestrial life debate. We move now from the fifth to the sixth “rock” from the Sun. In 2005, the Cassini spacecraft performed several close flybys of Saturn’s moon, Enceladus, revealing a rich plume venting water from the south polar region of the moon. This discovery, along with the presence of escaping internal heat and very little (if any) impact craters in the south polar region, shows that Enceladus is geologically active today. The water vapor diffusing from the surface of Enceladus would indicate the presence of liquid water just below the surface of the moon, which, using the NASA mantra of “follow the water” might be possible for Enceladus to support life. The presence of liquid water beneath the bark means that there must be an internal heat source. This source of heat sources is actually a combination of radioactive decay and tidal heating as tidal heating alone is not sufficient to explain the amount of heat required.
Thus, data from the instruments on the Cassini spacecraft has provided evidence of what is now called cryovolcanism – cold volcanic – where water and other volatile substances include “melted” stuff that gets broken out of these cold “volcanoes” instead of molten iron and silicate rocks – like terrestrial lava erupted from our hot volcanoes.
These cold volcanic eruptions – basic ejections of vapor clouds in space – was, as mentioned above, was discovered on Enceladus. The detailed composition of these clouds of gas in the central mainly water vapor, plus some other minor volatile components such as molecular nitrogen, ammonia, methane and carbon dioxide. Additional observations revealed other chemicals in the plume, including both simple and complex hydrocarbons such as propane, ethane and acetylene. These chemicals and their relative abundance are similar to those seen in many comets. Perhaps the earthquake was once a super-giant comet that got captured by Saturn’s gravity!
Taken together, these findings raise the possibility of the existence of possible life forms existing below the surface of Enceladus. The composition of the cloud gas cloud, clearly show that the source is an underground salty ocean beneath the surface or caves filled with salt water. Enceladus is thus a prime candidate for those wishing to explore non-terrestrial potential sites harboring extraterrestrial life. We CHON, energy sources, an appropriate system temperature below the surface, and the possible mixing of liquid water facilitates mixing.
Titan (moon of Saturn): I have already mentioned that, while the Titan is fascinating from the perspective of astrobiology point of view, that view is from those interested in pre-biotic organic chemistry to biochemistry that leads, not those hoping to see Wiggle things. Translated, while John is, and probably involved, it’s just about it. The environment is too cold, which shows that the energy available to drive the biology is in very short supply.
Now on the big competitors! It’s time to introduce the key players, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, and these four basic elements: Conn, environmental, and energy mix. If there is life-as-we-know-that in these four planets, then we need CHON, we need an appropriate environment should bear the necessary mixing together in a time and place, and we need a source (-s) of energy.
A clarification for the first time. Despite the fact that Jupiter is often called “gas giants”, which is a slight misnaming. While it is true that compared to Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars, the planet Jupiter is really a great big ball of gas, they still have at their center a solid rocky core, because, if for no other reason that over 4.5 billion years of existence, the asteroids, perhaps even smaller planets, meteors, dust, and comets have hit them all. The rocky material eventually have to sink to the bottom, forming a solid core heavy element. By clarifying that done, let’s see what is there to think over.
Zeus: Con: Jupiter, a gas giant, composed mainly of molecular hydrogen (the Chon H) and helium (composition as the Sun and about the same proportions). There are definitely ammonia (possibly as ice crystals) and compounds of ammonia (as ammonium hydrosulphide) in the atmosphere, by adding nitrogen (N-Con) to the mix. Methane (which contains C in Chon), and the carbon in carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide are also present in the upper atmosphere. Water vapor (the O in Chon) is present, albeit in small proportions relative to hydrogen and helium. The colorful strips could easily be indicative of the band, even on organic chemistry not only CHON but sulfur and phosphorus and other minerals. The upper atmosphere of Jupiter contains small amounts of simple hydrocarbons such as ethane and acetylene, which is methane under the influence of ultraviolet radiation of the sun and particularly the incoming charged particles from the magnetosphere of Jupiter.
Zeus: Environment: There is no doubt that the cloud tops is bitterly cold; The deep interior is too hot. However, this alone shows that there is a Goldilocks-between area, probably extending vertically for hundreds of kilometers, and extend horizontally and around the world. This volume, given the size of Jupiter, consists of a lot of ground Goldilocks.
Article Source :- http://georgiaj84112.blog.com/2012/06/15/jovian-life-the-moons-versus-the-planets/
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Astronomy books written about or for the 1970 does not have great confession of Jupiter system as an interesting place to look for extraterrestrial life. The Jupiter planets and moons were clearly outside the habitable zone Goldilocks and the Solar System, Planet Earth, which was square in the middle. My how times change, because, after the robotic exploration of our outer solar system, this view has partly been thrown out the window, at least compared to Jupiter’s three pieces of property – the moons Europa and the Titan and Enceladus (in orbit around Jupiter and Saturn, respectively). Titan is actually really interesting only from a pre-biotic perspective. While rich in organic molecules / compounds are very careful about how truly cold active chemistry and biochemistry to take place. Titan has frozen before life could really grab hold. It lacks a sustainable energy supply, one of the key elements needed for this life-as-we-know.
Alas, the parents’ bodies, including gas giants further out (Uranus and Neptune) are still missing as residential homes for ET. The logic escapes me, as we shall see shortly, the idea that Jupiter planets could harbor life theory is as complicated as jellyfish or other semi-aquatic life, is still up to those of Jupiter dolphins and whales can ” It should not be excluded. While Jupiter extraterrestrial intelligence (ETI) may be possible by the ETI technology can pretty much be ruled out, and for the same reason as to why dolphins and whales on Earth is a kind of technology – can not be build things in the environment in which they adapt.
So, what is needed for the construction of our ET? Well, the minimum requirements are: 1) adequate life-as-we-know that chemicals (Cohn – carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen – and of course the water or water vapor); 2) a good comfortable environment for life-as we–know-it (the right temperature for liquid water or water vapor); 3) mixing which brings the various inorganic and organic chemicals required in the vicinity; and 4) a power source (a) directs things together, such as solar energy for many terrestrial organisms on Earth.
Mars, although not part of the Jupiter system, has been linked to the existence of extraterrestrial life for the last century and then some. This connection remains to this very day. Mars is still the poster boy-and remains the main target in the hunt for ET – although the association has deteriorated by Martian ray-guns (as in “The War of the Worlds”) to Martians, as the germs – if the microbial ET is as important as the discovery of Mars shows a ray-gun at you. The principle is the same; Otherwise it’s just a matter relating biological complexity.
Europa (moon of Jupiter): Science fiction writers can sometimes really hit the proverbial nail on the proverbial head. Take Arthur C. Clarke entitled “2010: Odyssey Two” (1982) and “2061: .. Three Odyssey (1988) Clarke had foreigners interested in the primitive forms of life beneath the ice of Europa is converted by a star to begin development. Fifty years later, the Europa has become a tropical world of the ocean from which people have been banned. Well, aliens, transforming Jupiter and tropical ocean are flights of fantasy, but the primitive life under the ice of Europe could be something else again.
In fact Clarke learned from the two flybys space probe Voyager in 1979. The data and images captured strongly suggested to scientists that Europe should have salty ocean, perhaps one hundred kilometers deep, but an ocean beneath a vast ice sheet, perhaps up to ten kilometers thick. The power source was the tidal friction, the endless to-and-fro through gravity pulls on the Moon and Jupiter moons Europa mate sister. The downturn is heated within Europe, and escaped the heat up, melt the ice cover. The freezing temperature of space (Europa has no atmosphere to speak) freezes the surface that insulates the ocean then heated under further engagement.
So you have water, a source of energy, mixing, and since water is in liquid form, you have obviously a suitable habitat for life-as-we-know-it, and kind. We will not be any photosynthesis, not so far away from sunlight and will not be very effective in all cases after penetrating kilometers of ice. Translated, the oceans will be pitch black. The analogy with terrestrial biology is life in sea hydrothermal vent communities us – life is guided by the Earth’s internal heat and ventilation of various chemicals beneath the ocean floor, and chimeiosynthesi instead of photosynthesis. Internal composition of Europa reflects the terrestrial planets – silicates and iron and stuff. What is less certain is whether there are abundant sources of carbon and nitrogen.
One very interesting feature that can be seen on the surface of Europa are many streaks of pink-red lines and markings. The source is probably upwelling water below the ice surface rotates and cracks, like the kind of ice in polar oceans. There are many organic contaminants, with pink-red color, although organic chemistry does not necessarily mean biochemistry. Still, maybe life examples of Europa (presumably microbial) are frozen fossils on the surface. This pink-red things will be input to the sample, but when he lands a probe to Europa. In conclusion, however, C and D in CHON is the big question mark IMHO.
Enceladus (moon of Saturn): Europa has competition in the local solar system, “where the aliens? Extraterrestrial life debate. We move now from the fifth to the sixth “rock” from the Sun. In 2005, the Cassini spacecraft performed several close flybys of Saturn’s moon, Enceladus, revealing a rich plume venting water from the south polar region of the moon. This discovery, along with the presence of escaping internal heat and very little (if any) impact craters in the south polar region, shows that Enceladus is geologically active today. The water vapor diffusing from the surface of Enceladus would indicate the presence of liquid water just below the surface of the moon, which, using the NASA mantra of “follow the water” might be possible for Enceladus to support life. The presence of liquid water beneath the bark means that there must be an internal heat source. This source of heat sources is actually a combination of radioactive decay and tidal heating as tidal heating alone is not sufficient to explain the amount of heat required.
Thus, data from the instruments on the Cassini spacecraft has provided evidence of what is now called cryovolcanism – cold volcanic – where water and other volatile substances include “melted” stuff that gets broken out of these cold “volcanoes” instead of molten iron and silicate rocks – like terrestrial lava erupted from our hot volcanoes.
These cold volcanic eruptions – basic ejections of vapor clouds in space – was, as mentioned above, was discovered on Enceladus. The detailed composition of these clouds of gas in the central mainly water vapor, plus some other minor volatile components such as molecular nitrogen, ammonia, methane and carbon dioxide. Additional observations revealed other chemicals in the plume, including both simple and complex hydrocarbons such as propane, ethane and acetylene. These chemicals and their relative abundance are similar to those seen in many comets. Perhaps the earthquake was once a super-giant comet that got captured by Saturn’s gravity!
Taken together, these findings raise the possibility of the existence of possible life forms existing below the surface of Enceladus. The composition of the cloud gas cloud, clearly show that the source is an underground salty ocean beneath the surface or caves filled with salt water. Enceladus is thus a prime candidate for those wishing to explore non-terrestrial potential sites harboring extraterrestrial life. We CHON, energy sources, an appropriate system temperature below the surface, and the possible mixing of liquid water facilitates mixing.
Titan (moon of Saturn): I have already mentioned that, while the Titan is fascinating from the perspective of astrobiology point of view, that view is from those interested in pre-biotic organic chemistry to biochemistry that leads, not those hoping to see Wiggle things. Translated, while John is, and probably involved, it’s just about it. The environment is too cold, which shows that the energy available to drive the biology is in very short supply.
Now on the big competitors! It’s time to introduce the key players, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, and these four basic elements: Conn, environmental, and energy mix. If there is life-as-we-know-that in these four planets, then we need CHON, we need an appropriate environment should bear the necessary mixing together in a time and place, and we need a source (-s) of energy.
A clarification for the first time. Despite the fact that Jupiter is often called “gas giants”, which is a slight misnaming. While it is true that compared to Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars, the planet Jupiter is really a great big ball of gas, they still have at their center a solid rocky core, because, if for no other reason that over 4.5 billion years of existence, the asteroids, perhaps even smaller planets, meteors, dust, and comets have hit them all. The rocky material eventually have to sink to the bottom, forming a solid core heavy element. By clarifying that done, let’s see what is there to think over.
Zeus: Con: Jupiter, a gas giant, composed mainly of molecular hydrogen (the Chon H) and helium (composition as the Sun and about the same proportions). There are definitely ammonia (possibly as ice crystals) and compounds of ammonia (as ammonium hydrosulphide) in the atmosphere, by adding nitrogen (N-Con) to the mix. Methane (which contains C in Chon), and the carbon in carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide are also present in the upper atmosphere. Water vapor (the O in Chon) is present, albeit in small proportions relative to hydrogen and helium. The colorful strips could easily be indicative of the band, even on organic chemistry not only CHON but sulfur and phosphorus and other minerals. The upper atmosphere of Jupiter contains small amounts of simple hydrocarbons such as ethane and acetylene, which is methane under the influence of ultraviolet radiation of the sun and particularly the incoming charged particles from the magnetosphere of Jupiter.
Zeus: Environment: There is no doubt that the cloud tops is bitterly cold; The deep interior is too hot. However, this alone shows that there is a Goldilocks-between area, probably extending vertically for hundreds of kilometers, and extend horizontally and around the world. This volume, given the size of Jupiter, consists of a lot of ground Goldilocks.
Article Source :- http://georgiaj84112.blog.com/2012/06/15/jovian-life-the-moons-versus-the-planets/
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